Many biblical scholars claim that the Babylon of Revelation is Catholic, but they do not have a specific biblical interpretation for this. However, since the Inquisition and witch hunts practiced by the Catholic Church are consistent with biblical prophecy, they interpret the Babylon that is holding God's people captive as Catholic. Sabbatarianism interprets the four beasts prophesied in Daniel 7 as Babylon and the nations that follow, and the little horn that appears among the ten horns as Catholicism. The Church of God, imitating their doctrine, also recognizes the doctrine of the Sabbath Church and teaches the same doctrine. However, this interpretation raises many questions about the interpretation of Catholicism as Babylon.

The interpretation of Catholicism as Babylon can be understood through the history of Israel. The history of Israel from David is a picture of the history of spiritual Israel from Jesus, who is seated on David's throne. Physical Israel was formed as a nation, but it is actually a huge religious organization called Judaism. Similarly, spiritual Israel from Jesus is not an actual nation, but the churches that believe in Jesus. Therefore, the history of physical Israel from David is a type and shadow of spiritual Israel, through which we can understand the history of the churches.

In the history of physical Israel, David laid the foundation stone for the temple of God, but it was his son, Solomon, who completed it. However, by the end of Solomon's reign, Solomon's idolatry led to the division of Israel into two nations, Northern Israel and Southern Judah, with Northern Israel falling to the Assyrians and Southern Judah being destroyed by Babylon. After being destroyed by Babylon, Israel was forcibly relocated to a country called Babylon, where they were taken into captivity for 70 years, which is the history of physical Israel.

But this is a picture of the history of the church (spiritual Israel) that would be fulfilled from Jesus onward. Just as David laid the foundation of the temple, so Jesus laid the foundation of the temple: the 12 apostles. The Old Testament temple was a physical building, but the New Testament temple is the saints who have received the Holy Spirit, so the establishment of the 12 apostles means that the foundation of the temple has been laid. The resurrected Jesus came into the body of believers by the Holy Spirit and created a temple, which is the early church. Just as David laid the foundation of the temple and his son Solomon completed it, the early church did the same through Jesus and the apostles. However, by the end of the early church, heretical doctrines and idolatry of various greed led to a split between the Eastern Church, centered in Jerusalem, and the Western Church, centered in Rome. But this didn't happen by accident, it was the fulfillment of a prophecy of Israel splitting into two nations at the end of Solomon's reign due to his idolatry.

The Western Church was then harshly suppressed by Rome until it was recognized as a canonical church in 313 through the Edict of Milan. Once recognized, however, it lost its purity as it used its wealth and position in the state to become a perpetrator of oppression of other religions, fulfilling the prophecy of the destruction of Northern Israel by Assyria. The Western Church then forcibly absorbed the Eastern Church, teaching the same doctrines and corrupting the Eastern Church, thus fulfilling the prophecy of the destruction of South Judah by Babylon. Just as Israel was destroyed by Babylon and then forcibly moved to Babylon, where they spent 70 years in captivity, so the Western Church forcibly absorbed the Eastern Church, abandoned the names East and West, and established a religion under the new name of Catholicism, and killed many people with witch hunts and the Inquisition, fulfilling Babylon's prophecy of killing God's people. But Israel's history doesn't end with the Babylonians, it continues with the Medes and the Greeks, and the four nations that split from the Greeks. Thus, the history of the church does not end with Catholicism fulfilling the prophecy of spiritual Babylon, but rather shows the emergence of subsequent churches like spiritual Persia and Greece.

God did this to reveal the reality of Satan's presence in the church, and in Revelation 13, Satan appears at the end of the world not only as the Catholic Church, but as another religious organization.